Examining the Effects of Differentiated Digital Instruction on English Language Teaching in Inclusive Classrooms

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the challenges teachers face in differentiated digital instruction in inclusive English language classrooms and to investigate its effects on students’ English achievement and attitudes. The study was designed as an exploratory mixed-method study. In the qualitative phase, data were collected from 27 English teachers through semi-structured interviews to explore their experiences, professional development needs, and support expectations. In the quantitative phase, a pre-test–post-test control group design was implemented with 52 inclusive 7th-grade students. The experimental group received differentiated digital instruction, while the control group followed traditional textbook-based instruction. Data were analyzed using content analysis and Mann–Whitney U tests. The findings indicate that teachers experience difficulties related to time constraints, lack of resources, and the management of student diversity. However, they demonstrate a strong interest in professional development and emphasize the need for practical and application-oriented support. Quantitative results show that differentiated digital instruction has a positive effect on students’ English achievement and attitudes compared to traditional instruction. These findings suggest that differentiated digital instruction can support inclusive teaching practices when combined with appropriate pedagogical design and institutional support.